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July 06 十大动物建筑高手排行表人类已经退化了徒手的建筑能力,动物恰恰能够自然建筑。相反人类进化了大脑。【msd按】
第一位 白蚁
要找到最顶级的建筑物你就得在这个世界的各大城市旅行,人们喜欢建造摩天楼、纪念碑以显示我们的力量和财富。但有种动物甚至比我们更能建设高层建筑。
动物王国的顶级建筑大师是白蚁,它们用自己的巨额数量弥补了它们在块头上的不足。蚁王每15秒就会生产一次,所以它们是不会缺少工人来建造家园的。而且它们总有数不清的事情要做,因为白蚁的建筑工程极其烦琐复杂,整个白蚁城堡都是由唾液、泥土和粪便的混合物建成的,而且所有这些材料都需要在它们的嘴里进行调和。这件工作也许不够清洁,但这种混合物却像混凝土一般坚固,而且它们还能浇铸成非常棒的房屋内部结构。比如空调系统、带顶的过道和花园等等。不过它们的建筑物是没有窗户的,因为白蚁生下来就看不见东西。 埃及的金字塔同样也是没有窗户的巨大建筑物,建造金字塔的工人却不需要用嘴来搅拌泥土和粪便,相反,他们发明了最早期的混凝土。到目前为止这种混凝土已经有4000多年的历史了,建造大金字塔用了大约30年的时间。在1889年之前它一直是世界上最高的建筑物,你很难想象一座比自由女神像更高的建筑物能用石头块搭建而成,而且这些石头块足有两吨重。建造大金字塔共用了250万块这样的石头,如果运用现代建筑技术,我们将能用这些石块建造40多座帝国大厦。白蚁并不用石头来搭建堡垒,但它们的建筑同样令人难忘,虽然它们的建筑物只不过是由唾液和大便建成的,但它却能保持100年之久。难怪在谈到建筑物的时候,我们会认为白蚁是动物王国当之无愧的顶级建筑师。 第二位 海狸 说到大型建筑,没有什么能与大坝相比,而在自然界中,有一种动物生来就是建造大坝的天才。海狸已经有500万年建造大坝的历史了,它们建造的大坝能够达到1000英尺,而且,它的坚固程度足以抵挡一辆家用汽车。
你可以把海狸称作水中的拖船,因为它们的水性好得惊人,它们能拉着大木头在水中穿行,而且它们有四套唇缘,既可以用牙齿携带东西,又能避免水灌进嘴里去,很多人以为,海狸的尾巴是它们游泳的动力,但实际上它只起到方向舵的作用而不是推进器。 第三位 蜜蜂 我们排名第三位的建筑大师是一位对花朵情有独钟的小动物,蜜蜂是当之无愧的一流建筑工程师,它们从花朵上收集蜂蜜和花粉,然后将这种原材料转变成蜂蜡这一非凡的建筑材料。
如果你想知道这些蜂蜡是从哪里出来的,你就必须仔细观察蜜蜂的尾部。蜜蜂靠腹节之间的腺体分泌蜂蜡,然后利用它们建造蜂巢。但这件事并不容易做到,要知道,蜜蜂一次生产的蜂蜡还不及针尖大。储存一磅材料大约需要50万滴这样的蜂蜡,而且每一滴蜂蜡都必须小心浇铸到六边形的蜂房里,这样的蜂房总共有近10万个。由于这些储存在蜂房里的蜂蜜,蜜蜂无疑是我们最喜爱的动物建筑师。我们甚至制造人工树桩让它们居住,今天我们还制作了木制的蜂箱。 而过去养蜂人使用的是一种由稻草和藤条编织成的圆锥形篮子。有趣的是,到了20世纪60年代,这种样子的蜂房又流行起来了。妇女们会不厌其烦地制作蜂窝式发型,不过,即使是这样高贵的蜂窝式发型也比不上蜜蜂的杰作。 第四位 鹦鹉螺 如果你想在深水中建造房屋,那你就要承受很大的压力,因为每下潜100英尺,你就要多承受45磅的压力。不过,有种动物却能对这种现象应付自如,它就是我们排行第四的建筑高手,鹦鹉螺。
鹦鹉螺之所以能成为排名第四位的建筑专家,是因为它们仅仅靠分泌碳酸钙就能建造一个外壳来穿越深邃的海洋。难怪19世纪的科幻小说家儒乐·凡尔纳会从这种软体动物身上找到灵感。他在自己最著名的小说《海底两万里》中将他的潜水艇命名为“鹦鹉螺号”。鹦鹉螺很像我们现代世界的潜艇,它们像潜艇一样,游得越深外壳承受的压力也就越大。但鹦鹉螺所能承受的压力是有限的,如果它的下潜深度超过1500英尺,它们的外壳就会爆裂,可是,它们的外壳只有大约一毫米厚,它们却能靠它深入到1500英尺的海下,这已经相当了不起了。为了帮助你了解这件事的不同凡响,我们可以想象一下人的情况,由于没有志愿者,人们用聚苯乙烯制作了个人头。当然也没有人能在鹦鹉螺所在深度长时间屏住呼吸,强大的压力将聚苯乙稀做成的人头挤压成了原来的一半大。尽管儒乐·凡尔纳早在1870年就在他的著作中对潜艇进行了描述,但恐怕要到下个世纪,人类才会造出能够潜到鹦鹉螺所在的深度的潜艇。现代科幻小说家仍梦想着在深海建造家园,但到目前为止那个奇异的世界只属于鹦鹉螺。 第五位 石蛾 在西弗吉尼亚的冬天,如果人们仔细察看水中的叶子,你会发现建筑师在上面留下的痕迹,不过,这些小孔也意味着我们会很难找到它们。
稍作加工,石蛾的住所就会变成一种独特的珠子,成为人类制作珍宝的最佳原材料。在这个过程中,我们不会伤害到石蛾,我们饲养它们,一旦它们变成成虫,就放了它们。因为无论再怎么漂亮的房子,对石蛾的成虫来说都已经变得毫无价值。要知道,离开水以后,成虫满脑子想的不是建房子、不是找吃的,而是去交配。一些石蛾只能活几天时间,所以它们会迫不及待地寻找配偶。 第六位 草原犬鼠 美国在几千前年就有了大城市,只不过,那种城市里没有市民会开车。这只胖胖的小啮齿动物,看上去并不像是这里的普通居民,它就是我们排行第六的建筑高手,它在草原上建造了最棒的小房子,它们是草原犬鼠。这里的每一个土墩都是一所房子,而众多的房屋已经组成了草原上的犬鼠城市。但是要看到草原犬鼠的房间,你就得到地下去。它们的隧道建筑无与伦比,如果将所有生活在地下的犬鼠隧道都连接起来,你就会发现一个地下大都市。
一些人也花费了很多时间挖掘地下通道,但与草原犬鼠不同的是他们需要使用一种巨大的机器。人类历史上最大块头的硬岩钻探机每天能够从岩石中钻出60英尺长的隧道,它重达900多吨,需要25个人才能使它正常运转。然而,草原犬鼠不需要任何工具就能建造庞大的地下隧道。要挖掘带有卧室、浴室和育婴室的洞穴,自然就会挖出大量的土,不过,可以用这些泥土来建造一个有用的堤坝,因为在平坦的草原上如果没有保护性的筑堤,雨水会很容易流进它们的温暖小家。而且这个凸起的土墩,还是一个很好的了望台,要知道,草原上存在着很多危险。当草原犬鼠钻进洞穴之后,除非是大型真空吸尘器,否则你很难让它们出来。犹他州的人们采取的正是这一方法,他们用改造过的下水道清洁器来吸出草原犬鼠,虽然这种方式不太体面,但至少人们还是把犬鼠吸出来,而不是埋葬它们。草原犬鼠的确不愧是我们这个星球上了不起的建筑高手。 大自然中最精美的建筑,也可能是最致命的,它就是我们第七号选手蜘蛛所建造的房屋。所有的蜘蛛都是从尾部腺体释放丝线的,但很快它就会凝固成丝线,用来编织致命的蛛网。蜘蛛会用自己在空中的网络来捕获天空中的各种食物。不过,蛛网可不是普通的渔网,因为它需要一种非常特殊的材料来捕获高速飞行的昆虫。为了防止昆虫逃离,蜘蛛网上涂有一种胶液。那么,蜘蛛自己为什么不会陷入网中呢?仔细观察一下蛛丝,你会发现一些明显的胶液滴,蜘蛛会跨越这些胶液滴在蛛网上自由行走。
蛛丝是一种神奇的建筑材料,在重量相同的情况下蛛丝的弹性是尼龙的2倍,韧性是钢铁的6倍,难怪蜘蛛能够造出人类建筑无法比拟的结构。如果我们人类的建筑材料能够支撑相当于自身体重4000倍的重量,那么,我们的建筑物将会是怎样的呢?不过,蛛网是一种可回收产品,而人类工程师是否也能通过吃掉他们制造的垃圾来重新利用它们呢。蜘蛛以其不同寻常的纺织能力而著名。 有些蜘蛛的网并不是用来捕食的,像秘鲁白尾蛛,它的蛛丝是用来搭帐篷的。它们生活在热带雨林的很多地方,它们的帐篷会给它们提供足够的湿度,如果空气太干燥,它们就会待在自己的帐篷里。 蜘蛛自小就会利用蛛丝。蜘蛛卵都包裹在丝壳里,而丝壳就是小蜘蛛吃到的第一种食物,不同种类蜘蛛的蛛丝作用各不相同。有的蛛丝用来搭房子,有的用来包裹食品,有的用来旅行。因为小蜘蛛得靠蛛丝爬到高处去,蛛丝还能充当小蜘蛛的降落伞,一根丝线虽然轻得能够被风吹走,但它又柔韧得足以携带幼蛛,它能不停地向上飞,有时甚至能够在3万英尺的高空飞翔,尽管这会有些危险。
第八位 雄性园丁鸟 一只鸟如同园丁那该是大自然多么引以为豪的事情,名列第八位的动物就是这样的建筑高手。它创造了世界上最华美的爱的小屋、豪华住宅,而且拥有漂亮内部设计的高品质建筑物。1872年,当第一位自然学家看到这种令人难以置信的神奇建筑时还以为那是人类的杰作呢。没有哪种鸟能够编织出如此美妙的巢穴,这是雄鸟为自己心爱的伴侣献上的最好的礼物。 在澳大利亚和新几内亚岛上共有19种园丁鸟,它们会用不同的建筑手法构造美丽的家园来吸引自己的配偶。
这种鸟在没有朋友帮忙的情况下,同样建成了这个星球上最奇妙的鸟巢。在非洲平原上,喜好群居的织巢鸟会在高高的树上,建造一个巨大的巢穴。这种巢穴足有1吨多重,堪称公寓楼,里面能住400多只鸟。有一个这样的巢穴,已经被使用了100年,这比2000年前人类建造的第一所公寓耐用多了。当时,这里所有的道路确实都是通向罗马的,于是罗马的城市规划者不得不想方设法为这些蜂拥而至的人提供住处。好在当时罗马人已经有了混凝土,他们模仿织巢鸟的巢穴建造了多层公寓。不过,当时人们还不知道如何加固房屋,这就限制了楼房的高度。今天,由于有了钢筋混凝土和钢铁技术,我们的摩天大楼至少比古罗马的公寓高出20多倍。但它们不可能比马来西亚吉隆坡的双子星塔更高。每座塔都由16根混凝土圆柱支撑着,它们将这座建筑物推向高空。这是7000人用5年时间完成的,但建筑师无论如何也比不上织巢鸟,因为它们仅用干草就建成了能够维持100年之久的巢穴。 第九位 类人猿 人类与动物王国中的其他建筑师最大的不同在于,我们人类能够使用工具。不过,如果你认真观察类人猿就会发现无论是大猩猩、猩猩或黑猩猩都能使用工具。猩猩遇到了难题,它发现了一个蜂巢,但它的长手指怎么也够不到蜂蜜。怎么办呢?制造一个提取蜂蜜的工具,虽然工具很简单,但也极少有动物能够制作出来。 不过,类人猿的智慧并不是它们名列排行榜第9的原因,原因在这张建筑师的脸上。它们最出色的作品就是它们的床。傍晚时分,猩猩会爬到高高的树冠上,找到一棵新树,然后开始编织一张新床。它们每天都在森林里穿行,所以不得不每天搭一张新床。算下来,它们一生要搭1.5万多张床。好在这些类人猿只是满足于做世界上最好的床铺搭建者。想想看,如果它们开始用工具建造房屋,这个世界会怎么样呢?它们建造了城市,制定了法律,有自己的宗教。它们会有掠夺来的枪炮进攻低能、胆小的人类。幸好,就目前而言,这些类人猿显然对成为世界统治者并不感兴趣。 第十位 灰树蛙 青蛙需要让它们的卵保持湿润而且不能让捕食者看到。一些青蛙冒险将它们的卵藏在森林地被的下面。不过,有一种青蛙对建筑物情有独钟。对非洲灰树蛙来说,交配是一件很麻烦的事,因为它们需要在繁殖的同时大兴土木。在释放卵子让雄蛙授精之时,雌蛙的皮肤会分泌出一种泡沫状液体,然后,别的青蛙会帮忙一起建造小青蛙的房子。这种动物在我们的排行榜上名列第十,因为这些泡泡就像混凝土一样建造了一个遮风避雨的安乐窝。 有一个很好的例子可以用来说明动物们要生存下去必须要亲近我们的自然。灰树蛙总会在一段时间之后让它们的宝宝回到水中。灰树蛙也像宇航员一样会暂时停留在空中它们的小房子里面,但是几个星期后,用泡泡造的房子开始溶解,这时,小蝌蚪会发现房地产业的不变真理——位置永远是最重要的。树蛙总是把这种泡沫住宅建在水面上,这样它们的小宝宝就能安全坠入水中。 【来源:中国公众科技网】 Brilliant Buildings: 136 Amazing Approaches to ArchitectureBrilliant Buildings: 136 Amazing Approaches to ArchitectureWritten by Steve on June 7th, 2009 - Topics: 7 Wonders, Architecture, Urban, Urban Images, Urbanism, Various
15 Amazing Monasteries, Sanctuaries and Abbies
Isolation, sacrifice, piety and purity - the severe qualities religious ascetics demand from themselves, they also require from their buildings. These incredible structures were built to house the most devoted of the faithful and neither hardship nor difficulty was allowed to stand in the way of their completion. From the sides of sheer cliffs to the tops of monumental pillars of stone, the houses of the holy were built to last for centuries - to glorify He who built the world in 7 days. Click Here for more Amazing Monasteries, Sanctuaries and Abbies 15 Immaculate Temples, Cathedrals and Churches
From time immemorial, religious leaders sought to display the rightness of their sect by constructing buildings that reflected the power and the glory of their Lord. Indeed, churches (and castles) were the forerunners of today’s glittering centers of power. They were an effective way to show the people, “Hey, my God is the greatest… just look at his house!” Click Here for more examples of Immaculate Temples, Cathedrals and Churches 7 Urban Wonders of the Modern World
Urban life is the hallmark of the modern man - and the modern woman. Our structures have surpassed being merely the sum of their bricks & mortar and have entered the realm of wonder: they do not just stand, they soar! Click Here for some astonishing examples of Urban Wonders of the Modern World 15 Cool High School, College and University Building Designs
Too cool for school? Not these cutting edge-ucational facilities! If students benefit from learning in inspiring surroundings, we may expect a gradual succession of graduates inspired to change their world, year after year. And while nothing can diminish the classic look of ivy-covered ivory towers, these totally rad school buildings are in no way short of, er, class. Click Here for more examples of Cool High School, College and University Building Designs Architecture to Go: 10 Great Gas Station Designs
The lure of the open road beckons and you’ve got a tiger in your tank. Fill ‘er up? From the look of some of these fired-up gas stations you’d think they were dispensing rocket fuel for your Olds Rocket 88. No one knows why filling stations featured 9and feature) such ambitious, breathtaking designs but when the sign says “last gas for 100 miles”, you make an effort to look special. Now you’re cooking… with gas! Click Here for more examples of Architecture to Go: 10 Great Gas Station Designs 20 Amazing Airport, Train & Bus Station Designs
David Bowie once sang, “you ride like a demon from station to station”, and some of the world’s most outstanding travel stops look otherworldly indeed. It’s also been said that the journey is more interesting than the destination - and it sure is, if you’re passing through these transportation hubs along the way. Trippin’ yet? You will be; the adventure doesn’t really start until you stop. Click Here for more examples of Amazing Airport, Train & Bus Station Designs Beyond Brutalism: Creative Concrete Architecture
Massive. Hulking. Brutal. These words describe an architectural style that surprised many by its wide spread and long lifetime as the style of choice. Take a closer look and be surprised all over again - many of these concrete classics are beautiful brutes, well worth a second glance. Even the word “Brutalist” reveals new layers of meaning: the word was coind from the French “béton brut” = “raw concrete”. Raw. Unadulterated. Fresh. Need more proof? Click Here for more examples of buildings Beyond Brutalism: Creative Concrete Architecture 12 Unbelievable Examples of Buildings in Motion: From Floating Churches to Rotating Skyscrapers
Architecture can inspire, but can it move you? Can you move them? Sometimes the answer is YES on both counts… as in the case of these dozen dynamic, kinetic constructions. Though not for those inclined to vertigo, many of these unique buildings were built with permanence in mind - until Man and Nature intervened. Ancient Egypt, America’s Atlantic coast, even merrye olde England have seen seemingly solid structures suddenly shift. Click Here for more examples of Unbelievable Examples of Buildings in Motion 15 Awesome Architectural Optical Illusions
All that we see or seem, is but a dream within a dream… and these eye-bending buildings seem dreamlike indeed! Fooling the eye with an optical illusion is cheaper than remodeling an existing structure. Buildings designed to be visually interesting tend to remain interesting much longer. It all depends on how you look at them - literally. Click Here for more examples of Awesome Architectural Optical Illusions Unbuilt Buildings: 12 Awesome Future Architectural Designs
History is made every day and who can say what wondrous architectural designs are yet to leap off the drafting table and into being? Well, WE can; plans for wild & woolly buildings bigger and better than before are being floated as we speak - read - whatever. Architects are a competitive bunch who are constantly looking to get their designs and names into the limelight. It’s up to the engineers to make these outlandish fantasies work in real life but for now… all we have to do is dream. Click Here for 七位自然大建筑师7 Architectural Wonders of the Natural WorldWritten by Ecoist on January 4th, 2009 - Topics: Animals and Habitats, Art and Design, Nature and Ecosystems
So you thought the ancient and modern wonders created by mankind and creative contemporary architecture were something? From underground ant colonies that extend farther than the Great Wall of China to termite mounds that tower at nearly twice the relative height of the Burj Dubai (tallest skyscraper in the world), and from the largest multi-species spider web ever discovered to the longest beaver dam on the planet, here are seven of the most awe-inspiring animal architects and architectonic structures of the animal kingdom. 1) Towering Termites: Massive Earth Movers
(Source – Images via: nma, mcmillan and airninja)Termites are amazing creatures by almost any metric. Their queens are 30 times the size of normal soldiers and workers and produce about 30 eggs per minute to keep the colony alive. Relative to their size, termites build the biggest structures of the animal kingdom – .4 inch creatures constructing towers weighing hundreds of tons and up to 25 feet in height and 40 feet in diameter (the human equivalent of 4,600 feet tall). And that is just 40 feet above the ground - termites can also burrow as far as 225 feet underground. 2) Social Weavers: Avian Condo Architects
(Source – Images via: panoramio, webshots and flickr)The so-called social (or sociable) weaver bird is one of the friendliest flyers in the sky. They combine forces and take over entire trees to make what can only be considered something like an awesome animal ‘apartment’ structure. Instead of building independent nests, up to 300 pairs of birds come together to build giant mega-nests up to 25 feet wide, 5 feet high and with an individual room for every couple. As with a huge condo complex, there are multiple ‘basement’ entrances that lead up through clusters of chambers. 3) Naked Mole Rats: Uncanny Underground Diggers
The naked mole rat goes by many names, including the potentially misleading “sand puppy” which might imply that these voracious diggers are cute and friendly fellows. They are uniquely eusocial amongst mammals, meaning they are hive-like and massively organized creatures like ants, bees, wasps and termites only much much larger and scarier looking. To add to their eeriness, they are essentially cold-blooded and feel absolutely no pain. Up to 100 of these strange creatures live together in a single underground habitat, which they dig with disproportionately gigantic sets of teeth that are placed in front of (rather than behind) their lips so they don’t swallow dirt. Naked mole rats can live for up to 28 years and colonies feed on tubers (engorged plant parts) that weigh up to 1000 times as much as an individual mole rat does. 4) Ants: Super-Strong Subterranean Excavators
The largest ant colony discovered to date stretches over 4000 miles across Europe – this super-colony is suspected to have billions of ants. Everyone knows that ants are incredible builders that can carry many times their own weight but few have gotten to see inside their spectacular subterranean structures. The particular colony shown above is 500 square feet in size, penetrates 25 feet into the ground and required the displacement of 40 tons of dirt to be created. As it was dug up, transit tunnels and ventilation inflow and outflow shafts were revealed as well as fungus gardens and trash pits. Be sure to watch the scientists unearth this monstrous architectural undertaking in this amazing video. 5) Caddisflies: Unique Underwater Builders
(Source – Images via: hunterian, cirrusimage, whatsthatbug)Unlike most of the intriguing animals and animal architecture in this list the caddisfly and its buildings are not massive communally-constructed mega-structures. On the contrary, the caddisfly makes relatively minute architecture but does so with remarkable versatility and (perhaps a stretch) artistic license. Using whatever materials are available – from sand and shells to twigs and trash – the larval form of these so-called “underwater architects” build themselves mobile “shells” to protect them and provide natural camouflage (made from local materials) as they develop. Eventually, they grow mandibles and swim to the surface where they discard their unique architectural creations, flex their wings and fly away. 6) Dual-Built Beaver Dam: Longest in the World
(Source)The longest recorded beaver dam in the world spans 2800 feet and has existed for over a decade. From the aerial images it is clear that at least two beaver families have worked in tandem in the construction of the record-setting structure. The nature of the wetland is such that long dams are needed to trap broad stretches of low-flowing water. Other dams in the area have been sized at up to 1500+ feet but at nearly 3000 feet this two-family dam is a one-of-a-kind discovery. 7) Communal Spider Web: Biggest in the World
(Source)Thousands of spiders from twelve species worked together to construct this amazing web that spans over 600 feet. This is highly unusual behavior for spiders that normally fight over territory and prey, preferring to eat their enemies and build independent, solitary circular webs. However, record rainfalls provided such an abundance of edible insects that (scientists speculate) the spiders chose cooperation over conflict in this extraordinary case of evolutionary adaptation. Even more exceptional: the spiders did not just build it in the first place but have actually rebuilt the web three times after wind and rain has destroyed it. July 05 自然界六大动物建筑师
自然界六大动物建筑师
白蚁:造高楼白蚁是一种令人惊叹的动物。蚁后比普通的兵蚁和工蚁大30倍,为了确保家族繁盛,蚁后平均每分钟产下30个卵。白蚁的体长虽然只有约1厘米,但能造出动物界最大的建筑结构,它们建造的蚁穴重达数百吨,最高可达12米,这个数字相当于人类造出高约1400米的大楼!更令人不可思议的是,它们还能挖出近70米深的洞穴。 织布鸟:建公寓喜欢群居的织布鸟可以团结起来,在一整棵树上建造一种和“公寓大楼”一样的独特建筑。300对织布鸟一起努力,就能建造出一个由许多独立巢穴构成的巨大鸟巢,最大直径可达25英尺,高5英尺。最后,每对织布鸟伴侣都分到一个房间。 海狸:筑水坝目前,世界上记录在案的最长的海狸水坝长约850米,存在时间超过10年。至少有2个海狸家庭合作建造了这个创纪录的动物界建筑物。它们在沼泽地建造水坝的目的是围住四处流淌的水。这个地区的其他水坝最长的也超过了450米。 蜘蛛:织大网在美国得克萨斯州北部公园,12个不同种类的数千只蜘蛛一起织成了一个跨度超过180米的大网。创纪录的降雨为它们提供了大量可食用的昆虫,蜘蛛们也就可以暂时停止内斗,一起织网了。 蚂蚁:挖蚁穴迄今为止发现的最大的蚂蚁聚集地在欧洲,若将蚁穴联在一起,长达6400千米。科学家研究了一个约46平方米大的蚁穴,发现它深入地下约7.6米,需要挖出40吨泥土才能建成。 石蛾:造外壳石蛾的建筑不是由庞大“社区”组成的巨型结构。它们的建筑非常小,却有不寻常的多功能性和更高的艺术水准。这种“水下建筑师”的幼虫用一切可用材料,例如沙子、贝壳、细枝和废物等,建造可移动“外壳”,以便在成长过程中保护自己,提供天然的伪装。最后,幼虫长出下颚,游到水面上,抛弃它们那特有的建筑作品,展开翅膀,飞到空中。 动物的建筑艺术 |
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